[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/pocitacova-grafika\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/pocitacova-grafika\/","headline":"Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika","name":"Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika","description":"Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika je z technick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska odbor informatiky, ktor\u00fd sa zameriava na vytv\u00e1ranie umel\u00fdch obrazov (tzv. rendering). Vo v\u0161eobecnosti ide o \u00fapravu zobrazite\u013en\u00fdch a priestorov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed nasn\u00edman\u00fdch z re\u00e1lneho sveta, ako napr\u00edklad digit\u00e1lna fotografia, skenovanie 2D, 3D. Z h\u013eadiska umenia ide o samostatn\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu grafiky. Na tvorbu a \u00fapravu digit\u00e1lnych grafick\u00fdch objektov, teda obr\u00e1zkov, pozad\u00ed […]","datePublished":"2024-04-26","dateModified":"2024-04-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d6cba3ab97c30e0df0e32548954cb6b1550f4672bd3a4687bf1118b122d757e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d6cba3ab97c30e0df0e32548954cb6b1550f4672bd3a4687bf1118b122d757e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"aozpo.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-liza-summer-6347954.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-liza-summer-6347954.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.aozpo.sk\/pocitacova-grafika\/","about":["PC"],"wordCount":436,"articleBody":"Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika je z technick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska odbor informatiky, ktor\u00fd sa zameriava na vytv\u00e1ranie umel\u00fdch obrazov (tzv. rendering). Vo v\u0161eobecnosti ide o \u00fapravu zobrazite\u013en\u00fdch a priestorov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed nasn\u00edman\u00fdch z re\u00e1lneho sveta, ako napr\u00edklad digit\u00e1lna fotografia, skenovanie 2D, 3D. Z h\u013eadiska umenia ide o samostatn\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu grafiky. Na tvorbu a \u00fapravu digit\u00e1lnych grafick\u00fdch objektov, teda obr\u00e1zkov, pozad\u00ed na pracovnej ploche PC, fotografi\u00ed, sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa grafick\u00e9 editory. Tie m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na dve ve\u013ek\u00e9 skupiny. Prvou ve\u013ekou skupinou s\u00fa rastrov\u00e9 (bitmapov\u00e9) grafick\u00e9 editory. Ide o programy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a upravova\u0165 rastrov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky. Ak\u00fd je vlastne rozdiel medzi rastrov\u00fdm a vektorov\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkom?Rastrov\u00fd obr\u00e1zok sa naz\u00fdva aj bitov\u00e1 mapa. Je tvoren\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fdm mno\u017estvom bodov (pixelov) pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 ur\u010den\u00fa svoju presn\u00fa polohu, farbu, pr\u00edpadne prieh\u013eadnos\u0165 (alfa kan\u00e1l). Farba pixelu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pop\u00edsan\u00e1 napr\u00edklad pomocou farebn\u00e9ho modelu RGB. M\u00f4\u017eeme si ho predstavi\u0165 ako mozaiku. Vektorov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky s\u00fa zase poskladan\u00e9 z viacer\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch objektov, napr\u00edklad \u00fase\u010diek, kru\u017en\u00edc, kriviek, textu, v\u00fdplne a obrysu, at\u010f. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd obraz je v\u017edy sklada\u010dka. Jeho ve\u013ekos\u0165 sa d\u00e1 meni\u0165 bez vplyvu na jeho kvalitu. Vektorov\u00e1 grafika na rozdiel od rastrovej mapuje \u010diary na nevidite\u013enej mrie\u017eke a uchov\u00e1va ich ako s\u00fastavu in\u0161trukci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 presne popisuj\u00fa tvar, ve\u013ekos\u0165, poz\u00edciu ka\u017edej \u010diary, kruhu, polyg\u00f3nu v obr\u00e1zku.Medzi rastrov\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 editory zara\u010fujeme napr\u00edklad ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my a ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd Adobe Photoshop, Gimp, ale takisto aj \u010fal\u0161ie programy ako Corel Photopaint, PaintShopPro, LogoMotion \u010di MS Paint zn\u00e1my ako Skic\u00e1r. Najviac pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 rastrov\u00e9 form\u00e1ty s\u00fa BMP, GIF, JPG, PCX \u010di TIFF. \u010eal\u0161ou skupinou s\u00fa vektorov\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 editory, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu pracova\u0165 s vektorovou grafikou, a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj s bitmapovou grafikou. S\u00fa to programy ako CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, Sketsa, Xara X, Freehand a \u010fal\u0161ie. Vektorov\u00fd form\u00e1t je napr\u00edklad SVG. Ponuka i pou\u017e\u00edvanie grafick\u00fdch editorov sa neust\u00e1le roz\u0161iruje. Pred desiatimi rokmi nebolo be\u017en\u00e9, aby pou\u017e\u00edvatelia po\u010d\u00edta\u010da upravovali fotografie na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, pr\u00edpadne vytv\u00e1rali in\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 prvky. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa obr\u00e1zky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na spestrenie webov\u00fdch a digit\u00e1lnych prezent\u00e1ci\u00ed, a grafika je v dne\u0161nej dobe neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou internetu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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